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ลำดับตอนที่ #59 : International Women's Day: Sexism rife in textbooks, says Unesco
http://www.bbc.com/news/education-35745327
Sexist
attitudes are "rife"
in school textbooks used in developing countries, according to Unesco.
The
United Nations agency, marking International Women's Day, says negative
stereotyping undermines
the education of girls.
It
says too often female figures are represented in textbooks as "nurturing drudges" in domestic
roles.
This
is a "hidden obstacle" to gender equality, says Unesco's Manos
Antoninis.
What is International Women's Day?
International Women's Day has
been held on 8 March every year since 1913, and has been recognised by the
United Nations since 1975.
The
UN says it's a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to
celebrate acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played
an extraordinary role in the history of their countries and communities.
The
theme of this year's day is "Planet 50-50 by 2030" - aiming to
achieve global equality in areas such as education and end all forms of
discrimination.
Unesco
has campaigned to provide education for tens of millions of children without
access to school - and in many poorer countries girls are the most likely to
miss out.
This report highlights how female characters frequently appear
in a secondary role in the books they use at school - and warns that it limits
girls' career expectations.
"Ensuring
all boys and girls go to school is only part of the battle," says Manos
Antoninis, from Unesco's global education monitoring report.
"What they are being taught is equally, if not more,
important. Persistent
gender bias in textbooks is sapping girls'
motivation, self-esteem and participation in school."
Unesco is inviting people to send in their own examples from
text books, using the Twitter hashtag #BetweentheLines.
With examples from countries in Asia and Africa, the report says
that men in textbooks are more likely to be depicted as business leaders, shopkeepers,
engineers, scientists and politicians, while women remain likely to be seen in
roles such as cooking or childcare.
Apart from gender stereotyping, the study says that text books
are much more likely to depict men than women - and that is even more
pronounced in science or maths text books.
It
says that in some cases only about one in 20 characters in science textbooks is
female.
But the report says that there has been only slow progress in trying
to get more equal representation.
It says there has been a lack of political will to pursue this and in some
cases resistance from those responsible for school curricula or for producing textbooks.
Also
marking International Women's Day is a report, Poverty is Sexist, from the development campaign group,
One.
It says that gender inequality and poverty are interlinked, with
women in poor countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, likely to be worse
off than their male counterparts.
The
report says there are half a billion women around the world who cannot read -
two thirds of the global total. As an example, in Mali, 93% of girls will never
attend school.
The campaign has drawn up a list of countries where it is
"toughest to be born a girl", based on criteria such as access to health and education,
economic opportunities, access to a bank account and political representation.
The top 10 in this ranking are: Niger, Somalia, Mali, Central
African Republic, Yemen, DR Congo, Afghanistan, Cote d'Ivoire, Chad and
Comoros.
Rife (Adj.)
If something unpleasant is rife, it is very common or happensa lot
full of something unpleasant
undermines (v.)
to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likelyto succeed, or to make
something weaker, often gradually:
nurture (v.)
to take care of, feed, and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help him, her, or it to develop
to help a plan or a person to develop and be successful:
(n.)
the way in which children are treated as they are growing, especially as compared with the characteristics they are bornwith:
drudges (n.)
a person who has to work hard at boring and unpleasanttasks and who is not respected by other people :
Persistent (adj.)
lasting for a long time or difficult to get rid of:
Someone
who is persistent continues doing something or tries to do something in a determined but often unreasonable way:
bias (n.)
the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment
the fact of preferring a particular subject or thing
sap (v.)
to make someone weaker or take away strength or an important quality from someone, especially over a longperiod of time:
depicted (v.)
to represent or show something in a picture or story:
pursue (v.)
to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch him, her, or it:
to try very hard to persuade someone to accept a job:
to try to discover information about a subject
to try very hard to persuade someone to have a relationshipwith you
If you pursue a plan, activity, or situation, you try to do it or achieve it, usually over a long period of time:
:
curricula (n.)
the subjects studied in a school, college, etc. and what each subject includes:
Poverty (n.)
the condition of being extremely poor
a lack of something or when the quality of something is extremely low
Counterpart (n.)
a person or thing that has the same purpose as another one in a different place or organization:
criterion (n.)
a standard by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something:
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