A Passage A Day

ลำดับตอนที่ #29 : Can't remember a word? There's a word for that

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http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160202-lethologica-when-a-words-on-the-tip-of-your-tongue

•                     By Mark Gwynn

9 February 2016

Have you ever tried to unsuccessfully retrieve a word from the tip of your tongue?

Most of us have experienced it – the usually simple process of verbalising a turn of phrase is somehow thwarted by an annoying mental block. When this happens, often we turn to a glossary of alternatives to fill the temporary void. Doodad,thingamabob, thingamajig, whatsit – you’ve probably used one before, or made up your own version on the spot, to stall for time as you try to fill the void.

The sheer number of these fill-ins highlights a human proclivity for forgetting the names of things and people, and also highlights the frequency of those ‘on the tip of my tongue’ experiences. Lethologica is the technical term for this type of forgetting.

Like many other English terms associated with the mind, lethologica is a modern word derived from classical Greek. In this case, the Greek words are lethe (forgetfulness) and logos(word). In Greek mythology, Lethe was also one of the five rivers of the underworld where the souls of the dead drank to forget all earthly memories.

The coinage of this term is popularly attributed to psychologist Carl Jung in the early 20th Century, but the earliest clear record is in the 1915 edition of Dorland’s American Illustrated Medical Dictionary, where lethologica is defined as the ‘inability to remember the proper word’.

Whatever the precise origin of the coinage, the importance of memory and forgetting in Jung’s studies of the unconscious, and in Greek mythology, is echoed in our modern understanding of how memory works in the brain.

As many of us will intuitively understand, the brain does not function like a computer, where data is neatly stored away and retrieved at the press of a button. As psychologist Tom Stafford points out, “our memories are amazing, but they respond to how many associations we make with new information, not with how badly we want to remember it”.

Recalling every word in our vocabulary can be tough. For instance, the Oxford English Dictionary contains some 600,000 words, and even these do not represent the totality of the English vocabulary. The active vocabulary used by an adult in speech and writing is much less than this, butaccording to David Crystal it often exceeds 50,000 words.*

There will, of course, be many more words that a person understands but does not use in everyday speech and writing. Words from this passive vocabulary form a large subset of the words experienced in lethologica.

The words we rarely use, including proper names, are the ones we often forget. Because our minds are associative and are built out of patterns of interconnected information, how well we can recall a word may depend on these patterns or links to other important bits of information.

And so, the many thousands of words stored in our brains that we rarely use may be harder to recall at short notice, because we have not yet formed the necessary links to other important bits of information that make memories easily retrievable.

Lethologica is both the forgetting of a word and the trace of that word we know is somewhere in our memory. Perhaps it is necessary for us to drink from the river Lethe to help us temporarily forget the trivial and unnecessary, so we can prioritise the information that is important to our lives.

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Retrieve (v.)

to ​find and ​bring back something:

verbalize (V.)

 to ​express ​ideas, ​opinions, or ​emotions in words:

thwarted (v.)

to ​stop something from ​happening or someone from doing something:

 glossary (n.)

an ​alphabetical ​list, with ​meanings, of the words or ​phrasesin a ​text that are ​difficult to ​understand:

void (n.)

a ​feeling of ​unhappiness because someone or something is ​missing:

 stall (v.)

to ​stop making ​progress:

If you stall an ​event, you ​delay it or ​prevent it from making ​progress:

proclivity (n.)

the ​fact that someone ​likes something or ​likes to do something, ​especially something ​considered ​morally ​wrong:

coinage (n.)

(the ​inventing of) a new word or phrase in a ​language:

attributed (n.)

a  ​quality or ​characteristic that someone or something has:

intuitive (n.)

(​knowledge from) an ​ability to ​understand or ​knowsomething ​immediately ​based on ​your ​feelings ​rather than ​facts:

trace (n.) origin

trivial (adj.)

having little ​value or ​importance:

prioritise  (v.)

to ​decide which of a ​group of things are the most ​importantso that you can ​deal with them first: