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ลำดับตอนที่ #6 : Java II - Loops
While
Loops
Loops
You often need to repeat similar code
in programming. For example, you might want to print numbers from 1 to 100. It's
not efficient to write System.out.println() 100
times. Instead, we could use loops,
also known as iteration.
While
Loops
One of the most common types of
iteration is the while loop. While loops are
written like the example below. The code inside the {
} gets repeated while the condition is true.
How
While Loops Work
Let's learn the flow of while loops as
shown below. First, a variable is initialized before the while loop. After each
iteration of the while loop, the variable is updated and the condition is
checked again. This same process is continued until the condition becomes false.
Using
While Loops
Let's look at an example of a while
loop. Below is a program in which the Ninja jumps five times. The variable is
initialized outside the loop and is incremented by 1 each time the loop
repeats. The condition becomes false
in the sixth round, and the loop stops.
Infinite
Loops
If you forget to add 1 to the i variable in the loop, i
will not change, and the condition will always be true. This will cause an infinite loop, and put a
huge load on the computer. You have to ensure that the loop is false at some point.
For
Loops
The for
loop is another type of iteration. In the (),
we initialize the variable,
add a condition, and update the variable. Each
step is separated by semicolons ; . You can
compare the two kinds of loops in the images below.
Using
For Loops
Using a for loop, let's rewrite the
code to make the Ninja jump 5 times. You can use either a for loop or a while
loop to repeat the code, but a for loop often makes it simpler. Make sure to
master both loops!
Break
& Continue
Break
Statements When you want to exit the loop immediately, you
can use the break statement. Break
statements are usually combined with if statements,
like in the image below. They can be used in the same way with while loops too.
Continue
Statements
Unlike break statements that end a loop, continue statements skip the loop for that specific iteration. Continue statements can be used in the same way with both for loops and while loops.
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