ลำดับตอนที่ #22
คืนค่าการตั้งค่าทั้งหมด
คุณแน่ใจว่าต้องการคืนค่าการตั้งค่าทั้งหมด ?
ลำดับตอนที่ #22 : [[R.S.]]Grammar Third Quarter Exam::11.3.08
Review Sheet for
Grammar Exam*3rd Quarter
Chapter 13 ~ Crafting Sentences [[Page.329]]
Lesson 1 :: Expanding Sentences
- Using Precise Words
ท Selecting precise nouns and verbs that express exactly what the writers want to say help expand the sentences.
๐ For example, He looked at his boyfriend >> Mintr stared at Win.
ท Good writers also use modifiers – adjectives and adverbs – to add details to their sentences.
๐ For example, Mintr stared wide-eyed at little chicken Win.
- Adding Phrases
ท Phrases add focus and detail to your writing; they change or classify parts of a sentence.
ท We can add phrases to the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.
๐ For example, Win’s family rented a cabin.
= In the Beautiful Mountains, Win’s family rented a cabin.
= Win’s family, three kids and Mintzy the husband, rented a cabin.
= Win’s family rented a cabin shaped like chicken.
Lesson 2 :: Combining Complete Sentences
- Forming Compound Sentences
ท When you use conjunction such as and, but, or, etc. to join two short, related sentences, you make a compound sentence.
Conjunctions for Compound Sentences | ||
In order to… | Use this conjunction | Example |
Join sentences with similar ideas | and | I am a psychologist, and my friend is a psycho. =_= |
Join sentences with contrasting ideas | but | Apple head is gay, but Dango man is not. |
Join sentences to offer a choice | or | We can eat yogurt strawberry, or drink a glass of chocolate milk. |
Join sentences to show cause and effect | so | I sprained my foot, so I can’t walk much. TT^TT |
Join two sentences that express negative | nor | Win won’t eat chicken, nor will he eat strawberry yogurt. |
ท Don’t forget to put comma before the conjunction.
- Forming Complex Sentences
ท Sometimes the idea in one sentence helps explain or clarify the idea in another sentence.
ท So you can use conjunctions to join such sentences and make a complex sentence.
๐ For example,
MeMian is worried about her Grammar review sheet. It smells awful.
= MeMian is worried about her Grammar review sheet because it smells awful.
MeMian goes to do review sheet at the library.
MeMian can do at home.
= Either MeMian can go to do review sheet at the library, or she can do it at home.
Lesson 3 :: Combining Sentence Parts
- Inserting Words
ท Often you can combine two sentences that contain similar information by moving a word / words from one sentence into the other.
๐ For example, Watcharin is tall. Piraya is tall too.
= Watcharin and Piraya are tall.
ท Sometimes we you move a word, you must change the form of the word .
๐ For example, MeMian types the review sheets. She is a very slow typer.
= MeMian types the review sheets slowly.
- Inserting Phrases
ท Another way to combine sentences is to make one into a phrase and insert it into other sentence.
๐ For example, Win found a love letter. It was from Mintr.
= Win found a love letter from Mintr.
Lesson 4 :: Using Who, That, and Which
- Adding Details About People
ท You can use the word who to combine the sentence that contains details about a person who is mentioned in another sentence.
๐ For example,
The woman brought Win a purple love letter. She said Mintr told her to give it to Win.
= The woman who brought Win a purple love letter said Mintr told her to give it to Win.
- Adding Details About Places and Things
ท If one sentence introduces a place/thing and another sentence provides more details about that place/thing, use the word that or which to combine the sentence.
๐ If the information you are adding is essential to the meaning of the sentence, use that.
๐ If you’re adding details to make the sentence more interesting, but not affect its meaning, use which.
๐ Use comma to combine which but don’t use comma with that.
Lesson 5 :: Using Active and Passive Voice
- In active voice, the subject is performing the action.
ท For example, Mintr kissed Win.
- In passive voice, the subject is receiving the action, or being acted upon.
ท For example, Win was kissed by Mintr.
- Using Active Voice
Why Writers Use Active Voice |
To emphasize who or what is doing the action. |
To capture the reader’s attention. |
To be more concise. |
- Using Passive Voice for Effect
Why Writers Use Passive Voice |
To emphasize the receiver of the action or the action itself. |
To convey that the performer of the action is unknown or unimportant. |
To create a passive, timeless mood or tone. |
Chapter 14 ~ Building Paragraphs [[Page.343]]
Lesson 1 :: Types of Paragraphs
- A paragraph is a group of related sentences that work together to develop a single idea.
- There are four types of paragraphs
1. Descriptive paragraph
= helps the reader to re-create a person, place, thing, or experience.
= use well-chosen details to describe a person, place, thing, or experience.
2. Narrative paragraph
= tells a story or relates an incident by answering who, what, where, why and how.
= It often used to tell anecdotes – short and amusing accounts of incidents.
3. Informative paragraph
= provides information or explanation by presenting facts with examples.
4. Persuasive paragraph
= presents a point of view and tries to make readers agree with it.
Lesson 2 :: Unity in Paragraphs
- A paragraph has….beginning, middle, and end.
- All good paragraphs share two characteristics :: unity and coherence.
ท Unity = all the sentences in a paragraph work together to support a central idea.
ท Coherence = all the sentences flow smoothly and logically from one to another.
- Topic Sentence :: The Most Valuable Player
ท A topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph, it is a key sentence in a unified paragraph.
- Implied Topic Sentence :: The Implied Main Idea
ท Sometimes the topic sentence in a good paragraph is implied, or suggested, rather than directly started.
- Understanding Unity :: Paring Down the Details
ท Keep only what relates to the main idea and throw out the rest.
Lesson 3 :: Coherence in Paragraphs
- Coherence depends on the connections between the individual ideas in a paragraph.
- Understanding Coherence :: Connect the Sentences
ท A paragraph has coherence when all its sentences are arranged in a logical order, so that readers can follow the flow of ideas.
ท Transition words make connections between sentences easier to follow and establish order in a paragraph.
Chapter 15 ~ Organizing Paragraphs [[Page.355]]
Lesson 1 :: Sequential Order
- Use sequential order when you want to show the order in which events occur.
ท It can be used to give directions or to show steps in a process.
ท Chronological order is a special type of sequential order which tell a story or to show the order in which events happen over time.
ท We can use transition words to help readers follow the sequence of events.
ท Use in short stories, science projects, etc.
ท Words used :: next, then, during, last, later, once
Lesson 2 :: Spatial Order
- Spatial order shows how people and objects are arranged in a space or scene.
ท We can use direction words to help readers understand the arrangement of objects in the space.
ท Words used :: as a result, because, caused by, consequently, due to, for this reason, if….then
Lesson 3 :: Cause-and-Effect Order
- Cause-and-Effect is the best way to organize a description of the reasons certain events happen.
ท A cause is what makes something happen.
ท An Effectis what results from a cause.
ท Used in historical and scientific writings.
ท Words used :: as a result, because, caused by, consequently, due to, for this reason, if….then
Lesson 4 :: Compare-and-Contrast Order
- Compare-and-Contrast Orderis often used in science and social studies writing.
ท Two ways to compare and contrast things :: by subjects or by feathers
ท The feature-by-feature focuses on the features, or characteristics of things.
ท In subject-by-subject organization, you must first describe one of the items and then the other
ท We can use transition words and phrases to help set up a feature-by-feature discussion.
ท Words used :: Compare ~as, also, in the same way, like, likewise, similarly
Contrast ~ but, however, instead, in contrast, on the other hand, unlike
Lesson 5 :: Order of Degree
- You can use order of degree to present information in order of increasing or decreasing importance, usefulness, or familiarity.
ท Used in persuasive paragraphs
ท We can use comparative and superlative adjectives to serve as transition words in the paragraph.
ท Words used :: even less, even more, finally, first, from…to, furthermore, least, more, most, to
Chapter 16 ~ Building Compositions [[Page.367]]
Lesson 1 :: The Parts of a Composition
- A composition is a piece of writing made up of several paragraphs.
Paragraphs and Compositions | |
A paragraph | A composition |
1. Has a topic sentence 2. Has sentences that support the paragraph 3. Unity and coherence among the sentences | 1. Has a thesis [[main idea of introduction paragraph]] 2. Has supporting paragraphs 3. Unity and coherence among the paragraphs |
ท Unity in a composition means that the ideas in each paragraph support and explain the thesis statement.
ท Coherence means that sentences and paragraphs in a composition connect logically and smoothly to each other.
- A composition has three parts :: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion
ท Introduction
๐ First part of a composition
๐ Introduces the topic
๐ Contains thesis statement, a sentence that states the main idea and purpose of the composition
๐ Captures the reader’s attention
ท Body
๐ Comes after the introduction
๐ Consists of at least three paragraphs; each one support, develop, help explain the idea presented in the thesis statement
ท Conclusion
๐ Last part of the composition
๐ Rounds out / brings a composition to a close
๐ Restates the main idea and leaves reads with something to think about
Lesson 2 :: The Introduction
- A good introduction includes a thesis statement that tells readers what your composition is about.
- The Thesis Statement
ท An effective thesis statement clearly introduces your main idea and your purpose for writing the composition.
- Types of Introductions
1. Use a strong description in the introduction
2. Start introduction with an anecdote
ท An anecdote is a brief story that is interesting or funny.
3. Make an interesting statement
4. Start introduction with an imperative or exclamatory sentence
Lesson 3 :: Unity
- The body of a composition is usually at least three paragraphs long.
- The paragraphs in the body should have unity, which means that they should all relate to and support the thesis statement with facts, details, and related information.
- Creating Unity
ท If all the topic sentences in the body are related to thesis statement, the composition is unified.
- Paragraphing
ท Breaking the paragraph into two and using transition words or phrases to link the two paragraphs can make your composition more readable and more unified.
Lesson 4 :: Coherence
- To give your composition coherence, you need to organize it logically and show how ideas are connected.
ท You can use transition and repeated words and phrases to make those connections clear.
- Transition Words and Phrases
ท Help guide readers from one idea to the next
- Repeated Words and Phrases
ท Tie paragraphs together
ท Can links the first paragraph to the second
Lesson 5 :: The Conclusion
- The conclusion is your final chance to get your point across; leave readers with something to think about.
- Types of Conclusions
1. Restate the main idea
ท Sum up the composition [[don’t add any new information]]
2. Making a Call to Action
ท Gives a call to action based on your opinion
3. Stating the Significance
Grammar Exam*Guideline
As Ma’am Bonnie told me…
- Grammar Exam will be similar to the test that Ma’am gave us on Friday 7 March 2008.
- Mostly the questions would be like that test.
- Examples of the questions that Ma’am told me are…
1. What are the types of paragraphs? [[ans. Sequential, spatial, etc…]]
2. What are the differences between a paragraph and composition?
[[so you need to remember the table “Paragraphs and Compositions]]
3. What are the differences between active and passive voice?
Etc.
- Ma’am may also…give us a paragraph/composition and let us tell where is the topic sentence, thesis statement, etc.
- So you better read your grammar book, because there are a lot of examples about the paragraph and composition there.
[[My review sheet is ting tong, if you read it too much you will get confuse and have more questions instead of understanding hahaha!!]]
Ps. I don’t know if Ma’am Bonnie will change her mind about the exam or not,
but these things are what she told me on Friday afterschool ^_^
I recommend you to go and read your grammar book!!!!!
GOOD LUCK IN THE GRAMMAR EXAM
MAY MEMIAN BLESSES YOU!!!
Hehehe =]
Download her naaaa TT^TT
http://www.uploadgun.com/download.php?file=0182d212c4f8e2d6966d1ea787f6c22a
It took many hours to do loey ruu maii T__T
So please just say
"THNX"
เก็บเข้าคอลเล็กชัน
ความคิดเห็น