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Tropical cyclone

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  • เลื่อนอัตโนมัติ
    This article is about the weather phenomenon. For other uses see Hurricane (disambiguation) or Typhoon (disambiguation).


    In meteorology, a tropical cyclone (informally, a typhoon or hurricane) is a type of low-pressure system which generally forms in the tropics.

    Structurally, a tropical cyclone is a large, rotating area of clouds, wind, and thunderstorm activity. The primary energy source of a tropical cyclone is the release of heat of condensation from water condensing at high altitudes. Because of this, a tropical cyclone can be thought of as a giant vertical heat engine.

    This use of condensation as a driving force is the primary difference setting tropical cyclones apart from other meteorological phenomena, such as mid-latitude cyclones, which draw energy mostly from pre-existing temperature gradients in the atmosphere. To drive its heat engine, a tropical cyclone must stay over warm water, which provides the atmospheric moisture needed. The evaporation of this moisture is driven by the high winds and reduced atmospheric pressure present in the storm, resulting in a sustaining cycle.

    The release of heat in the upper levels of the storm causes a temperature inversion of fifteen to twenty degrees Celsius above the ambient temperature in the lower troposphere. Because of this, tropical cyclones are referred to as \"warm core\" storms. Note, however, that the term \"warm core\" applies to the upper atmosphere - the area under a hurricane at the earth\'s surface is normally a few degrees cooler than normal due to clouds and precipitation.

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